Barrel vault

Definition

A barrel vault is a continuous series of arches that create a semi-cylindrical structure, resembling the shape of a barrel. This architectural feature allows for the covering of large spaces, providing stability and support, making it an essential element in Romanesque architecture. The design not only enhances the structural integrity but also contributes to the aesthetics of buildings, often seen in the grand interiors of cathedrals and other monumental structures from this period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Barrel vaults were commonly used in Romanesque churches and cathedrals to create expansive and open interior spaces, allowing for better acoustics and lighting.
2. The design of barrel vaults provided significant structural support, enabling builders to construct larger and taller buildings compared to previous architectural styles.
3. The use of barrel vaults allowed for innovative designs in window placement, often leading to the incorporation of clerestory windows that brought natural light into the upper parts of a building.
4. Barrel vaults are often supported by thick walls or piers, which are necessary to manage the weight and lateral forces exerted by the curved structure.
5. This architectural feature laid the groundwork for later developments in Gothic architecture, which further enhanced vaulting techniques with more complex forms like ribbed vaults.

Review Questions

• How does a barrel vault differ from other types of vaults used in Romanesque architecture?
  • A barrel vault is essentially a single continuous arch extended along a length, forming a tunnel-like structure. In contrast, other types of vaults, like groin vaults, are formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults, creating a more complex ceiling design. This difference affects not only the structural capabilities but also the aesthetic qualities and spatial dynamics within Romanesque buildings.
• Discuss the role of barrel vaults in enhancing the functionality and aesthetics of Romanesque churches.
  • Barrel vaults played a critical role in Romanesque churches by allowing for expansive interior spaces that improved acoustics for liturgical purposes. The semi-cylindrical shape also added an impressive visual element, drawing the eye upwards toward the heavens. Additionally, they facilitated the strategic placement of clerestory windows that illuminated the interiors, enriching the overall worship experience while showcasing architectural craftsmanship.
• Evaluate how the use of barrel vaults influenced the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture.
  • The use of barrel vaults was foundational in Romanesque architecture but set the stage for Gothic innovations. While barrel vaults provided stability and allowed for taller structures, Gothic architects sought to push these boundaries further by developing ribbed vaulting systems that distributed weight more efficiently. This evolution not only permitted even greater heights and more elaborate designs but also led to the introduction of flying buttresses that could support thinner walls adorned with large stained glass windows, transforming church interiors into vibrant displays of light and color.

Related terms

groin vault: A groin vault is formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults, creating a more complex three-dimensional structure that allows for even larger spaces and varied shapes in architecture.

Romanesque architecture: Romanesque architecture is characterized by its use of rounded arches, thick walls, and sturdy structures, often incorporating barrel vaults to enhance the stability and grandeur of buildings.

buttressing: Buttressing refers to architectural supports that help stabilize walls and roofs, commonly used alongside barrel vaults to counteract the outward thrust produced by the curved structure.