Barrel vault

Definition

A barrel vault is a continuous series of arches that creates a semi-cylindrical ceiling or roof structure, resembling a tunnel. This architectural element allows for the construction of large, open spaces and distributes weight evenly, making it a critical feature in various monumental structures throughout history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Barrel vaults are often made from stone or concrete, which allows them to support significant weight and span large distances.
2. The Romans perfected the use of barrel vaults, employing them extensively in their monumental architecture like the Colosseum and aqueducts.
3. Barrel vaults help to create an illusion of height and space within structures, enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal.
4. In Carolingian architecture, barrel vaults were revived to emulate Roman styles, symbolizing a connection to classical antiquity.
5. Romanesque churches frequently incorporated barrel vaults, enabling them to accommodate large congregations and elaborate interior designs.

Review Questions

• How did the use of barrel vaults influence the design and functionality of Roman buildings?
  • The use of barrel vaults in Roman architecture allowed for the creation of expansive interior spaces without the need for numerous supporting columns. This innovation facilitated the design of large public buildings like baths and basilicas, providing ample room for gatherings and ceremonies. By distributing weight evenly across the structure, barrel vaults also contributed to the durability and longevity of these monumental works.
• Discuss the impact of barrel vaults on the revival of architectural forms during the Carolingian period.
  • During the Carolingian period, there was a deliberate revival of Roman architectural forms, including barrel vaults. This revival was significant because it symbolized a cultural connection to classical antiquity and demonstrated the Carolingian rulers' desire to legitimize their authority through architectural grandeur. The incorporation of barrel vaults in churches and palaces helped create majestic spaces that reflected both power and piety.
• Evaluate how the adaptation of barrel vaults in Romanesque architecture influenced later Gothic designs.
  • The adaptation of barrel vaults in Romanesque architecture laid important groundwork for later Gothic designs. While Romanesque structures used thick walls and round arches supported by barrel vaults, Gothic architects innovated with ribbed vaulting and pointed arches. This evolution allowed for taller structures with larger windows, transforming the aesthetic and functional possibilities of cathedrals. Ultimately, the techniques developed from barrel vault construction contributed to the overall progression toward lighter and more elaborate Gothic architecture.

Related terms

Arch: A curved structure that spans an opening and supports weight above it, fundamental in the construction of barrel vaults.

Groin Vault: A type of vault formed when two barrel vaults intersect at right angles, creating a more complex space with multiple openings.

Concrete: A building material made from a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates, which was extensively used in the construction of barrel vaults in Roman architecture.