Pediment

Definition

A pediment is a triangular architectural element found above the horizontal structure of a building, often serving as a decorative feature. It typically crowns columns and is an important part of classical architecture, providing both structural support and aesthetic appeal. In the context of architectural sculpture, pediments often showcase intricate relief sculptures that convey narratives or themes, making them significant not just structurally but also artistically.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pediments are typically found at the front of buildings like temples and public structures, framing the entrance and creating a focal point.
2. In classical architecture, pediments often depict scenes from mythology or historical events through elaborate sculptural reliefs.
3. The design and decoration of pediments can vary significantly between different architectural styles, such as Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
4. Pediments not only serve an aesthetic function but also contribute to the stability of the structure by providing support to the roof and upper walls.
5. Renowned examples of pediments include those on the Parthenon in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome, which highlight their cultural and artistic significance.

Review Questions

• How does the design of a pediment enhance both the structural integrity and aesthetic appeal of a building?
  • The design of a pediment enhances structural integrity by providing support for the roof and upper walls, effectively distributing weight. Aesthetically, it creates a focal point that draws attention to the entrance and showcases intricate sculptural details. This dual role makes pediments essential in classical architecture, balancing functionality with artistic expression.
• Compare and contrast the use of pediments in different architectural styles, such as Doric versus Corinthian.
  • In Doric architecture, pediments are typically simpler and less ornate, reflecting the style's emphasis on sturdiness and minimalism. In contrast, Corinthian pediments are often richly decorated with elaborate sculptures and intricate details, showcasing a more decorative approach. This comparison illustrates how architectural styles influence the design elements like pediments while still maintaining their fundamental structural roles.
• Evaluate the cultural significance of the sculptural narratives depicted in pediments within ancient Roman architecture.
  • The sculptural narratives depicted in Roman pediments served as powerful expressions of cultural identity and values. They often illustrated mythological stories or historical events that resonated with the public, reinforcing civic pride and shared heritage. By analyzing these narratives within their architectural context, we see how they not only beautified structures but also communicated important societal themes, reflecting the complex relationship between art and architecture in Roman culture.

Related terms

Frieze: A horizontal band, often decorated with reliefs or sculptures, that runs along the upper part of a wall or above columns in classical architecture.

Cornice: An ornamental molding around the wall of a room just below the ceiling, or at the top of a building, which adds to the overall aesthetic and often serves to protect the building from water damage.

Temple: A structure built for religious worship, which often features pediments as key architectural elements, especially in classical styles.