Pediment

Definition

A pediment is a triangular gable found above the horizontal structure of a building, typically located over the entrance in classical architecture. It serves both an aesthetic and structural purpose, often adorned with sculptures and reliefs that enhance the overall design and symbolism of the structure. Pediments are key elements in classical temples and civic buildings, reflecting the ideals of harmony and proportion central to classical art and architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pediments were widely used in ancient Greek temples, with notable examples being the Parthenon and the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.
2. The design of a pediment often reflects the architectural order being employed, such as Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian styles.
3. Sculptural elements within pediments often depict mythological scenes or important historical events, serving to convey cultural values and narratives.
4. The proportions of a pediment are carefully calculated to create visual harmony; a typical pediment has a width that is approximately twice its height.
5. In Roman architecture, pediments became more elaborate, sometimes featuring curved or broken forms, which contributed to the dramatic effects of Baroque architecture.

Review Questions

• How does the design of a pediment contribute to the overall aesthetic appeal of classical buildings?
  • The design of a pediment enhances the aesthetic appeal of classical buildings by providing a visually striking triangular shape that draws the eye upward. This upward movement not only emphasizes the entrance but also reinforces ideas of grandeur and importance associated with classical architecture. Additionally, sculptural decorations within the pediment add layers of meaning and narrative, further enriching the visual experience.
• Compare and contrast the use of pediments in Greek versus Roman architecture.
  • In Greek architecture, pediments are typically characterized by their strict geometric proportions and simplicity, often adorned with detailed sculptures that represent mythology or cultural values. In contrast, Roman architecture saw the evolution of the pediment into more elaborate forms, including curved or broken shapes that added dynamic visual interest. Romans also integrated pediments into larger architectural ensembles more frequently than Greeks, reflecting their broader approach to public and civic buildings.
• Evaluate the significance of sculptural elements found in pediments within the context of classical art and architecture.
  • Sculptural elements in pediments hold significant importance in classical art and architecture as they serve not only decorative purposes but also convey essential narratives and cultural values. These sculptures often depict gods, mythological heroes, or significant historical events that resonate with societal beliefs and ideologies. By analyzing these elements within their architectural context, one can understand how they contributed to the identity and values of ancient civilizations while reinforcing the structure's symbolic meaning.

Related terms

frieze:

A frieze is a decorative band that runs along the upper part of a wall, often featuring relief sculptures or painted designs that complement the pediment.

entablature: The entablature is a horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of three main sections: architrave, frieze, and cornice, with the pediment usually sitting atop it.

cornice: A cornice is the uppermost section of a wall or building that projects outwards, often serving as a finishing touch above the pediment.