Ramses II

Definition

Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, reigning from 1279 to 1213 BCE. He is often regarded as one of Egypt's most powerful and influential rulers, known for his military campaigns, monumental building projects, and significant contributions to Egyptian art and culture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ramses II ruled for an impressive 66 years, making him one of the longest-reigning pharaohs in ancient Egyptian history.
2. He is known for his extensive building projects, including temples, monuments, and cities, which showcased the power and wealth of Egypt during his reign.
3. Ramses II is credited with signing one of the first known peace treaties in history with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh.
4. His reign is often associated with a cultural renaissance in Egypt, leading to advancements in art, literature, and architecture.
5. Ramses II was often deified after his death, and many of his monuments continued to be revered long after his reign ended.

Review Questions

• How did Ramses II's military campaigns influence Egypt's power during his reign?
  • Ramses II's military campaigns significantly enhanced Egypt's power by expanding its territory and influence. His most notable conflict was the Battle of Kadesh against the Hittites, which showcased his military prowess despite resulting in a stalemate. The subsequent peace treaty established Egypt as a formidable force in the region, allowing for economic stability and cultural growth during his lengthy reign.
• In what ways did Ramses II's building projects reflect his contributions to Egyptian art and culture?
  • Ramses II's building projects are a testament to his contributions to Egyptian art and culture. He commissioned grand structures like the temples at Abu Simbel and numerous other monuments that featured intricate carvings depicting his achievements. These projects not only demonstrated architectural innovation but also conveyed a sense of divine authority and cultural pride that characterized his reign.
• Evaluate the legacy of Ramses II in the context of ancient Egyptian history and how it has shaped modern perceptions of this civilization.
  • The legacy of Ramses II is significant in ancient Egyptian history as he epitomizes the height of pharaonic power and artistic achievement. His monumental structures, military conquests, and diplomatic efforts have shaped modern perceptions of Egypt as a civilization rich in culture and influence. The reverence for Ramses II continues today, with many viewing him as a symbol of ancient Egyptian glory, contributing to ongoing interest in this remarkable period of history.

Related terms

Abu Simbel: A massive rock temple built by Ramses II in southern Egypt, famous for its grand statues of the pharaoh and its impressive architecture.

Battle of Kadesh:

A major military confrontation between Ramses II and the Hittite Empire, often considered one of the largest chariot battles in history.

Sphinx of Giza:

An iconic limestone statue with a lion's body and a human head, symbolizing strength and wisdom, which Ramses II contributed to by building temples nearby.