Ramses II

Definition

Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, reigning from 1279 to 1213 BCE. He is often regarded as one of Egypt's most powerful and influential rulers, known for his extensive building projects and military exploits, which significantly shaped the social, political, and economic landscape of ancient Egypt and its interactions with Nubia.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ramses II was known for his extensive building projects throughout Egypt, including temples, monuments, and cities that reflected his legacy.
2. He was a master diplomat and is credited with one of the first known peace treaties in history, signed with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh.
3. His reign lasted an impressive 66 years, making him one of the longest-serving pharaohs in Egyptian history.
4. Ramses II fathered numerous children, with many of his descendants holding significant positions in the Egyptian administration and military.
5. He is often remembered for his military campaigns that expanded Egypt's territory into Nubia, which contributed to its economic wealth and power.

Review Questions

• How did Ramses II's military campaigns impact the social structure of Egypt during his reign?
  • Ramses II's military campaigns, particularly against the Hittites and in Nubia, had a profound impact on Egypt's social structure. Successful military endeavors led to increased wealth through tributes and resources gained from conquered territories. This wealth allowed for the expansion of elite classes within society and supported large building projects that employed thousands, thus reshaping the economic landscape and solidifying Ramses II's authority as a powerful ruler.
• Discuss the significance of Ramses II's building projects in relation to Egyptian political power and identity.
  • Ramses II's building projects were not only an expression of his power but also served to reinforce Egyptian political identity. Structures like the temples at Abu Simbel were designed to immortalize his achievements and promote the idea of divine kingship. These monumental constructions demonstrated Egypt’s strength and cultural heritage to both its people and foreign entities, thereby consolidating Ramses' legacy as a pharaoh who embodied the nation's grandeur.
• Evaluate how Ramses II’s interactions with neighboring regions influenced Egypt’s economic relationships, especially regarding Nubia.
  • Ramses II’s interactions with neighboring regions, particularly through military conquests in Nubia, significantly influenced Egypt's economic relationships. By expanding into Nubia, he secured control over vital trade routes and resources such as gold, which were crucial for Egypt’s economy. Additionally, these interactions fostered a complex network of trade and diplomacy that facilitated economic exchanges, enhancing Egypt’s status as a major power in the region and contributing to its prosperity during his reign.

Related terms

Hittites: An ancient Anatolian people who were involved in significant military conflicts with Ramses II, particularly during the Battle of Kadesh.

Battle of Kadesh: A famous battle fought between Ramses II and the Hittite king Muwatalli II around 1274 BCE, often regarded as one of the largest chariot battles in history.

Abu Simbel:

A pair of massive rock temples built by Ramses II in Nubia to commemorate himself and his queen Nefertari, showcasing his power and divine status.