Great Pyramid of Giza

Definition

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of the three pyramids on the Giza plateau in Egypt and was built during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, around 2580-2560 BCE. It served as a tomb for Pharaoh Khufu and is one of the most iconic symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization, showcasing advanced engineering and architecture while reflecting the significance of monumental structures in demonstrating power and religious beliefs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Great Pyramid originally stood at 146.6 meters (481 feet) tall but now measures about 138.8 meters (455 feet) due to the loss of the outer casing stones.
2. It is estimated that around 2.3 million blocks of limestone and granite were used in its construction, weighing between 2.5 and 15 tons each.
3. The Great Pyramid was part of a complex that included two mortuary temples, smaller pyramids for queens, and an extensive burial ground.
4. The alignment of the pyramid is remarkably precise, with its sides oriented to the four cardinal points, showcasing advanced knowledge of astronomy and geometry.
5. It is the only remaining structure of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, highlighting its cultural and historical significance over millennia.

Review Questions

• How does the construction of the Great Pyramid reflect the political power of Pharaoh Khufu during the Old Kingdom?
  • The construction of the Great Pyramid is a testament to Pharaoh Khufu's political power, as it required immense resources, labor, and organization. The ability to mobilize thousands of workers for such a grand project demonstrates Khufu's authority and control over Egypt’s economy and workforce. The pyramid also served as a lasting symbol of his divinity and connection to the afterlife, reinforcing his status as a god-king among his people.
• Discuss how the architectural techniques used in building the Great Pyramid influenced later Egyptian monuments.
  • The architectural techniques employed in constructing the Great Pyramid set a standard for subsequent Egyptian monuments. Innovations such as precise stone cutting, leveling techniques, and strategic planning for massive structures were refined during this period. As later pyramids and temples were built, these methods allowed for even grander designs that continued to reflect the Egyptians’ engineering prowess and cultural values surrounding death and the afterlife.
• Evaluate the cultural significance of monumental architecture like the Great Pyramid in shaping ancient Egyptian society and its legacy in world history.
  • Monumental architecture like the Great Pyramid played a crucial role in shaping ancient Egyptian society by symbolizing religious beliefs, political authority, and cultural identity. These structures not only served as elaborate tombs for pharaohs but also showcased advancements in engineering that fostered national pride. Their enduring legacy has influenced countless generations, making them focal points for tourism, scholarly research, and inspiration in art and architecture across various cultures worldwide.

Related terms

Khufu:

The pharaoh for whom the Great Pyramid was constructed, known for his monumental building projects and centralization of power during the Old Kingdom.

Pyramidion: The small pyramid-shaped structure that capped the top of a pyramid, often made of a harder stone, symbolizing the connection between the pharaoh and the divine.

Sphinx:

A mythical creature with a lion's body and a human head, often associated with royal power and guarding tombs, such as the Great Sphinx of Giza located near the pyramids.