Corinthian

Definition

Corinthian refers to one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its ornate column design featuring a fluted shaft and an elaborate capital adorned with acanthus leaves and scrolls. This architectural style exemplifies the sophistication and artistic achievement of Greek culture, emerging later than the Doric and Ionic orders and becoming widely used in Roman architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Corinthian order is considered the most ornate and decorative of the three classical orders, showcasing the artistic advancements of ancient Greece.
2. Corinthian columns are taller and more slender than Doric or Ionic columns, often reaching heights of 10 times their diameter.
3. The first known use of Corinthian columns dates back to the 5th century BCE, with prominent examples found in the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae.
4. The style became particularly popular during the Roman Empire, influencing many structures including temples, basilicas, and public buildings.
5. Unlike Doric and Ionic columns which were primarily used in temples, Corinthian columns were often employed in larger civic buildings, reflecting their grandeur.

Review Questions

• Compare and contrast the Corinthian order with the Doric and Ionic orders in terms of design and cultural significance.
  • The Corinthian order stands out due to its elaborate capital featuring acanthus leaves, while Doric is simpler and more robust with a plain capital. Ionic columns are more slender than Doric but less ornate than Corinthian, with their signature volutes. Culturally, Corinthian reflects the peak of artistic expression in ancient Greece and was widely adopted by Romans for its grandeur, unlike Doric and Ionic which were more commonly associated with Greek temples.
• Discuss how the adoption of the Corinthian order by Roman architecture influenced public buildings during that era.
  • The Romans embraced the Corinthian order for its decorative appeal and grandeur, leading to its widespread use in monumental architecture. This style was seen in important public buildings such as temples, basilicas, and triumphal arches, where it conveyed power and prestige. The incorporation of Corinthian elements allowed Roman architects to create visually stunning structures that reflected their ambitions and cultural values, ultimately setting a standard for later architectural movements.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of Corinthian architecture on modern design principles in urban planning and building aesthetics.
  • Corinthian architecture has had a significant influence on modern design principles by promoting aesthetics that prioritize elegance and ornamentation. Its use in neoclassical movements during the 18th and 19th centuries revived interest in classical styles, leading to its application in government buildings and monuments worldwide. The emphasis on decorative elements from the Corinthian style continues to resonate in contemporary architecture, highlighting a blend of functionality with visual appeal that shapes urban landscapes today.

Related terms

Doric Order: The simplest of the three classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by sturdy, fluted columns and a plain capital.

Ionic Order: A classical order of ancient Greek architecture that is known for its slender, fluted columns and distinctive scroll-like volutes on the capital.

Acanthus: A plant whose leaves were used as a decorative motif in classical architecture, especially in the Corinthian capital.