Corinthian

Definition

Corinthian refers to one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its ornate column capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls. This style emerged in the late classical period and is often associated with grandeur and elegance, representing a shift towards more elaborate designs in temples and public buildings, especially as the Classical style began to evolve.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Corinthian order is often considered the most elaborate of the three classical orders and was frequently used in Roman architecture as well.
2. Famous examples of Corinthian columns can be seen in the Temple of Olympian Zeus in Athens and the Pantheon in Rome.
3. The style became popular during the late Classical period and was widely adopted in Hellenistic architecture.
4. Corinthian columns are taller and more slender compared to Doric and Ionic columns, contributing to a sense of verticality and grandeur.
5. While originally intended for interiors, Corinthian columns were eventually used on exterior facades, marking a shift in architectural design preferences.

Review Questions

• Compare and contrast the Corinthian order with the Doric and Ionic orders in terms of design features and historical significance.
  • The Corinthian order stands out from the Doric and Ionic orders due to its highly ornate capitals adorned with acanthus leaves and scrolls, while Doric columns are characterized by their simplicity and sturdiness. Ionic columns have volutes on their capitals, offering a balance between the two styles. Historically, Corinthian columns represent an evolution towards more decorative architecture in ancient Greece, particularly during the late Classical period when there was an increased emphasis on grandeur in public spaces.
• Discuss how the Corinthian order influenced architectural designs beyond ancient Greece, particularly during the Roman period.
  • The Corinthian order had a significant impact on Roman architecture, where it was embraced for its elegance and ornamental qualities. Roman architects frequently used Corinthian columns in monumental buildings such as temples, basilicas, and public forums. This adoption not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of Roman structures but also contributed to the spread of Greek architectural styles throughout the empire, establishing a lasting legacy that influenced Renaissance architecture centuries later.
• Evaluate the cultural implications of adopting more elaborate architectural styles like the Corinthian order during periods of political change in ancient Greece.
  • The adoption of elaborate architectural styles like the Corinthian order during times of political change reflects broader cultural shifts within ancient Greek society. As city-states transitioned from the austerity of earlier periods to increased wealth and power, there was a desire to showcase that prosperity through grand architecture. The use of ornate columns signified not just aesthetic preferences but also a connection to civic pride and identity, as these structures were often built to honor gods or commemorate important events, reinforcing social cohesion amidst changing political landscapes.

Related terms

Doric:

The Doric order is the simplest of the classical orders, known for its sturdy columns with plain capitals and no base, reflecting a more austere aesthetic compared to Corinthian.

Ionic:

The Ionic order is characterized by its slender columns with scroll-like volutes on the capitals, representing a more delicate and refined style than the Doric but less ornate than the Corinthian.

Temenos: A temenos is a sacred enclosure around a temple or sacred site in ancient Greece, often featuring altars and other structures that contribute to the religious significance of the space.