Militarism

Definition

Militarism is the belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war and the glorification of military power and values in society. This concept often influences political decisions, leading countries to prioritize military needs over social or economic issues. The rise of militarism in various nations was a significant factor in the lead-up to the Second World War, shaping ideologies and actions that resulted in widespread conflict and atrocities.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Militarism was a key element of fascist ideology, particularly in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, where military strength was viewed as essential to national pride and power.
2. The arms race leading up to the Second World War was fueled by militaristic attitudes, with countries expanding their armies and stockpiling weapons as a means of asserting dominance.
3. Militaristic societies often glorify war and the military, promoting values such as discipline, honor, and loyalty to the nation above all else.
4. Japan's expansionist policies during the early 20th century were heavily influenced by militarism, resulting in aggressive actions across Asia and contributing to numerous atrocities committed against civilian populations.
5. The intertwining of militarism with politics can lead to decisions that favor military action over diplomacy, as seen in the events leading up to and during the Second World War.

Review Questions

• How did militarism contribute to the rise of fascist ideologies in countries like Italy and Germany?
  • Militarism played a significant role in the rise of fascist ideologies by emphasizing the importance of military power as a means of national rejuvenation. In Italy, Mussolini promoted militaristic values to unify the country and instill a sense of pride, using military conquests as symbols of strength. Similarly, in Germany, Hitler's regime relied on militaristic propaganda to rally support for expansionist goals, creating a culture where military might was glorified as essential for national survival.
• Discuss how militarism influenced Japan's foreign policy in the lead-up to World War II.
  • Militarism heavily influenced Japan's foreign policy by prioritizing military expansion and domination over diplomatic solutions. The Japanese government adopted aggressive military strategies aimed at securing resources and territory in Asia, justified by a belief in their superiority. This approach led to brutal invasions of neighboring countries, including China, resulting in widespread atrocities that highlighted how deeply rooted militaristic values can drive national policies.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of militarism on global politics following World War II.
  • The long-term effects of militarism on global politics after World War II can be seen in the continuing arms races during the Cold War and ongoing conflicts around the world. Nations learned that militaristic policies could lead to devastating consequences, but many continued to prioritize military readiness due to perceived threats. The legacy of militarism has shaped international relations, influencing decisions on warfare, defense spending, and global security strategies that persist into modern geopolitics.

Related terms

Nationalism:

A strong identification with and pride in one's nation, often accompanied by the desire for national independence or superiority.

Fascism:

An authoritarian political ideology that emphasizes strong centralized power, often led by a dictatorial leader, along with suppression of opposition and strong regimentation of society.

Arms Race: A competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons, often leading to increased tensions and military conflict.