Phillis Wheatley

Definition

Phillis Wheatley was the first published African American poet and a significant figure in American literature, known for her remarkable ability to articulate complex themes of freedom, identity, and resistance in a time of oppression. Her work serves as an essential case study of a marginalized voice that was rediscovered and celebrated for its profound impact on literature and the broader discourse surrounding race and identity in America.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phillis Wheatley was born in West Africa around 1753 and was brought to Boston as an enslaved child at the age of seven.
2. She learned to read and write English, Latin, and Greek, which was highly unusual for enslaved individuals at the time.
3. Wheatley's collection of poems, 'Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral,' was published in 1773, making her the first African American woman to publish a book.
4. Her poetry often addressed themes of liberty, faith, and the struggles of her people, making her work a vital part of the early American literary canon.
5. Despite her talent, Wheatley faced racial prejudice and was often not taken seriously by contemporary critics who questioned her authorship due to her race.

Review Questions

• How did Phillis Wheatley's life experiences shape her poetry and the themes she explored?
  • Phillis Wheatley's life as an enslaved person in America deeply influenced her poetry, as she wrote about freedom, identity, and faith. Her unique perspective allowed her to articulate the struggles faced by herself and other enslaved individuals. The themes she explored often reflected her personal journey from enslavement to being a published author, highlighting the complexities of race and humanity in a time when such voices were largely silenced.
• In what ways did Phillis Wheatley's work contribute to the discourse surrounding race and identity in America during her time?
  • Wheatley's work challenged contemporary perceptions of African Americans by showcasing their intellectual capabilities through her poetry. By becoming the first published African American poet, she opened doors for future writers from marginalized backgrounds. Her eloquent expression of themes such as liberty and faith created a counter-narrative to prevailing racial stereotypes, prompting discussions about race, identity, and the potential for African Americans to contribute to American culture.
• Evaluate the lasting impact of Phillis Wheatley on American literature and how her voice serves as a beacon for other marginalized writers.
  • Phillis Wheatley's impact on American literature is profound as she set a precedent for future generations of writers from marginalized backgrounds. Her ability to publish under oppressive conditions highlights the resilience of voices often overlooked in history. Today, her work serves as an inspiration for contemporary writers who explore issues of race and identity, reinforcing the importance of diverse perspectives in shaping a more inclusive literary landscape.

Related terms

Enslavement: The condition of being owned as property and forced to work without compensation, which profoundly shaped Wheatley's life and experiences.

Neoclassicism: An artistic movement that emphasized classical themes and forms, which influenced Wheatley's writing style and poetic structure.

Rhetoric of Resistance: A literary approach that employs persuasive language to challenge authority and assert one's own identity, prevalent in Wheatley's poetry.