Pelagianism

Definition

Pelagianism is a theological doctrine attributed to Pelagius, which emphasizes human free will and the ability of individuals to achieve salvation without the need for divine grace. This belief challenges the orthodox Christian understanding of original sin and the necessity of grace for salvation, proposing that humans are capable of choosing good over evil through their own efforts. The doctrine sparked significant debate and opposition, particularly within early Christian teachings.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pelagianism arose in the late 4th century and was condemned by the Church at several councils, including the Council of Carthage in 418 CE.
2. Pelagius argued that Adam's sin did not affect human nature, allowing every person to choose between good and evil freely.
3. The controversy over Pelagianism significantly influenced early Christian thought on salvation, free will, and the role of divine grace.
4. Key opponents of Pelagianism included St. Augustine, who asserted that humans require God's grace for salvation due to their inherent sinful nature.
5. Pelagianism had lasting effects on theological discussions within both Western Christianity and later Protestant reformers, who grappled with issues related to free will and grace.

Review Questions

• How does Pelagianism's view on free will differ from traditional Christian beliefs about original sin?
  • Pelagianism posits that humans possess the innate ability to choose good over evil without needing divine intervention, which contrasts sharply with traditional Christian beliefs. In orthodox Christianity, original sin is seen as a condition that affects all humanity, necessitating God's grace for salvation. Thus, while Pelagians assert that individuals can earn their way to heaven through good deeds alone, traditional views emphasize dependence on divine grace due to humanity's fallen nature.
• Evaluate the impact of Pelagianism on early Christian theological debates regarding salvation and human nature.
  • Pelagianism significantly impacted early Christian theology by challenging established beliefs about salvation and human nature. Its emphasis on human autonomy sparked intense debates within the Church, particularly regarding the necessity of grace. The conflict led to a clearer delineation between views such as those held by St. Augustine, who argued for the necessity of divine grace due to original sin, and Pelagian perspectives that downplayed human incapacity for righteousness without God's aid.
• Assess how Pelagianism has influenced modern interpretations of free will and grace in contemporary Christianity.
  • Pelagianism continues to influence modern Christianity by shaping ongoing discussions around free will and grace. Contemporary theologians often refer back to Pelagius' ideas when examining human responsibility in salvation. This has resulted in varying interpretations across denominations, particularly in debates between those who emphasize individual agency in faith versus those who uphold the necessity of grace. The legacy of Pelagian thought prompts questions about moral responsibility and divine sovereignty that are still relevant in modern religious discourse.

Related terms

Original Sin:

The Christian doctrine that states humanity inherits a fallen nature due to the sin of Adam and Eve, leading to a need for divine grace for salvation.

Grace:

The unmerited favor of God bestowed upon individuals, essential for salvation according to traditional Christian teachings.

Augustinianism: The theological perspective based on the teachings of St. Augustine, emphasizing the necessity of divine grace and the corrupt nature of humanity due to original sin.