Pelagianism

Definition

Pelagianism is a theological doctrine attributed to Pelagius, which emphasizes the fundamental ability of humans to choose good over evil without divine intervention. This view asserts that human beings are born innocent, with the potential to lead a morally upright life, and rejects the concept of original sin as inherited guilt from Adam and Eve. The controversy surrounding Pelagianism played a significant role in shaping early Christian thought and sparked intense debates among Church Fathers regarding grace, free will, and human nature.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pelagianism emerged in the early 5th century as a reaction against the teachings of St. Augustine regarding original sin and grace.
2. Pelagius argued that moral responsibility lies within individuals and that they could achieve righteousness through their own efforts without needing God's grace.
3. The Council of Carthage in 418 condemned Pelagianism as heretical, affirming that grace is essential for human salvation.
4. Prominent Church Fathers like Augustine vehemently opposed Pelagianism, emphasizing the necessity of divine assistance for overcoming sin.
5. The debates surrounding Pelagianism significantly influenced later Christian doctrines about free will, moral responsibility, and the nature of salvation.

Review Questions

• How did Pelagianism challenge established beliefs about human nature and salvation in early Christianity?
  • Pelagianism challenged the prevailing belief that original sin affected all humans and that divine grace was necessary for salvation. By asserting that humans are inherently capable of choosing good without God's help, it directly contradicted the teachings of influential figures like St. Augustine. This created a significant theological rift in early Christianity, leading to debates over free will, moral responsibility, and the role of grace in salvation.
• Discuss the impact of the Council of Carthage on the acceptance or rejection of Pelagianism in early Christian thought.
  • The Council of Carthage in 418 was pivotal in rejecting Pelagianism, labeling it as heretical. The council reinforced Augustine's views on original sin and the necessity of divine grace for salvation. This decision not only marked a definitive stance against Pelagianism but also set a precedent for how the Church would address theological controversies in the future, emphasizing unity in core beliefs about grace and human nature.
• Evaluate how the debates surrounding Pelagianism contributed to the development of later Christian theology regarding free will and grace.
  • The debates over Pelagianism played a crucial role in shaping later Christian theology by clarifying the relationship between free will and divine grace. As theologians grappled with Pelagius's claims, they further articulated their understanding of human nature, ultimately leading to an emphasis on the necessity of grace for moral action. This struggle between views on free will and reliance on God's help informed later discussions during the Reformation and continues to influence contemporary Christian thought.

Related terms

Original Sin:

The Christian doctrine that all humans inherit a fallen nature and guilt from Adam and Eve's disobedience, necessitating divine grace for salvation.

Grace:

The unmerited favor of God towards humanity, often considered essential for salvation and overcoming sin according to traditional Christian belief.

Augustinianism: The theological perspective associated with St. Augustine, emphasizing the necessity of divine grace for salvation and the corrupted nature of humanity due to original sin.