Vocal folds

Definition

Vocal folds, also known as vocal cords, are a pair of muscle-controlled structures located in the larynx that play a crucial role in sound production during speech. They vibrate as air from the lungs passes through them, modulating pitch and volume, and are essential for phonation. The configuration and tension of the vocal folds can vary to produce different sounds, making them fundamental to the process of articulation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Vocal folds consist of multiple layers: a thin outer layer called the epithelium, a middle layer of lamina propria that contains different types of fibers, and an inner layer known as the thyroarytenoid muscle.
2. The tension and length of the vocal folds can be adjusted by muscles in the larynx, which allows for variations in pitch; tighter folds produce higher pitches, while looser folds create lower pitches.
3. When a person speaks or sings, air pressure builds up below the vocal folds, causing them to open and close rapidly, resulting in sound waves that are further modified by resonating chambers in the throat, mouth, and nasal passages.
4. Vocal fold nodules or polyps can develop due to overuse or misuse of the voice, leading to hoarseness or changes in voice quality.
5. The ability to control vocal fold vibrations is essential not just for speech but also for singing and other forms of vocal expression, contributing to individuality in voice characteristics.

Review Questions

• How do vocal folds contribute to sound production during speech?
  • Vocal folds play a key role in sound production by vibrating as air from the lungs passes through them. This vibration generates sound waves that are then shaped by other articulators such as the tongue and lips to form speech sounds. The configuration and tension of the vocal folds can be adjusted to change pitch and volume, making them essential for expressive communication.
• Discuss the anatomical structure of vocal folds and how their physical properties influence voice characteristics.
  • Vocal folds are composed of several layers: an outer epithelium, a middle layer known as lamina propria with different fiber compositions, and an inner thyroarytenoid muscle. The elasticity and tension of these layers influence how quickly the folds vibrate. For example, more tension leads to higher pitch sounds while relaxed folds produce lower pitches. Variations in thickness or stiffness can also affect voice quality, allowing for unique characteristics in individual voices.
• Evaluate the impact of vocal fold disorders on communication and how they can be addressed therapeutically.
  • Vocal fold disorders such as nodules or polyps can significantly affect communication by causing hoarseness or loss of vocal range. These disorders result from overuse or misuse of the voice, leading to inflammation and changes in vibration patterns. Therapeutically, interventions may include voice therapy with a speech-language pathologist to teach proper vocal techniques or surgical options to remove growths. Addressing these issues is crucial for restoring effective communication skills and maintaining vocal health.

Related terms

Larynx: The larynx, or voice box, is an organ in the neck that houses the vocal folds and is involved in breathing, producing sound, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

Phonation: Phonation is the process of producing sound by the vibration of the vocal folds when air is expelled from the lungs.

Articulators: Articulators are the movable structures in the vocal tract, such as the tongue, lips, and jaw, that help shape sounds into distinct speech sounds.