Machu Picchu

Definition

Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, renowned for its archaeological significance and stunning architecture. Often referred to as the 'Lost City of the Incas,' it serves as a symbol of Incan culture and ingenuity while also highlighting the impacts of climate change on archaeological sites due to its fragile ecosystem.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Machu Picchu was built around 1450 under the reign of the Inca emperor Pachacuti and is considered an architectural marvel due to its sophisticated dry-stone construction.
2. The site consists of over 150 buildings, including temples, agricultural terraces, and residential areas, which showcase advanced engineering techniques adapted to mountainous terrain.
3. Machu Picchu has been significantly impacted by climate change, with rising temperatures and increased rainfall leading to erosion and damage to its structures.
4. It was brought to international attention in 1911 when American historian Hiram Bingham rediscovered it for the outside world, although local indigenous people were aware of its existence long before.
5. Today, Machu Picchu is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts millions of visitors each year, raising concerns about tourism's impact on its preservation.

Review Questions

• What architectural techniques used in Machu Picchu demonstrate the ingenuity of Incan builders?
  • Incan builders at Machu Picchu employed sophisticated dry-stone construction techniques that allowed stones to fit together without mortar, making structures more resilient to earthquakes. They also utilized terracing to manage water runoff and prevent soil erosion, showcasing their understanding of the environment. These techniques not only highlight their architectural skills but also their deep connection to the Andean landscape.
• Discuss the effects of climate change on Machu Picchu and its implications for archaeological preservation.
  • Climate change has led to increased rainfall and rising temperatures in the region surrounding Machu Picchu, resulting in soil erosion and damage to ancient structures. This poses significant challenges for preservation efforts as restoration becomes more difficult. As a result, archaeologists and conservationists must adapt their strategies to mitigate these impacts while ensuring that this culturally important site remains intact for future generations.
• Evaluate the role of tourism in the sustainability of Machu Picchu as an archaeological site amidst climate change challenges.
  • Tourism plays a dual role in the sustainability of Machu Picchu; while it generates necessary funds for preservation, it also threatens the site's integrity due to increased foot traffic and environmental degradation. The challenge lies in balancing tourist access with conservation efforts. Innovative strategies such as limiting visitor numbers, implementing sustainable practices, and raising awareness about climate change's impact are essential for protecting this invaluable heritage site while accommodating visitors.

Related terms

Inca Empire: A vast empire in South America, known for its advanced civilization, extensive road systems, and impressive stone architecture, which flourished from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century.

Andean Civilization: Refers to the various cultures and societies that developed in the Andes Mountains, characterized by unique agricultural practices, architectural styles, and religious beliefs.

Cultural Heritage:

The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, including sites like Machu Picchu which hold significant historical and cultural value.