Machu Picchu

Definition

Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan city located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, known for its sophisticated dry-stone construction and stunning panoramic views. It was built in the 15th century during the reign of the Inca emperor Pachacuti and served as a royal estate, religious site, and agricultural center. The site's remarkable architecture and significance in Andean culture highlight the ingenuity and advancements of the Incan civilization.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Machu Picchu is often referred to as the 'Lost City of the Incas' because it remained unknown to the outside world until its rediscovery by Hiram Bingham in 1911.
2. The site is located at an altitude of approximately 2,430 meters (7,970 feet) above sea level, which contributes to its breathtaking views and unique ecosystem.
3. Machu Picchu features several significant structures, including the Intihuatana stone, which is believed to have been used for astronomical observations and religious rituals.
4. The architectural design of Machu Picchu demonstrates advanced engineering techniques, including precisely cut stones that fit together without mortar, showcasing the Incas' skills in construction.
5. Today, Machu Picchu is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world, drawing millions of visitors annually who are fascinated by its history and beauty.

Review Questions

• How does Machu Picchu reflect the architectural and engineering skills of the Inca civilization?
  • Machu Picchu showcases the Incas' remarkable architectural and engineering abilities through its sophisticated dry-stone construction techniques. The use of precisely cut stones that fit together without mortar illustrates their expertise in creating durable structures capable of withstanding earthquakes. Additionally, features like terracing for agriculture demonstrate their innovative solutions for farming on steep terrain, highlighting how they adapted their environment to sustain their civilization.
• Discuss the significance of Machu Picchu within the broader context of Incan culture and society.
  • Machu Picchu served multiple roles within Incan culture, acting as a royal estate for Emperor Pachacuti, a religious site dedicated to their deities, and an agricultural center supporting local communities. Its strategic location also facilitated trade routes and communication within the Inca Empire. The blending of spiritual, political, and economic functions in Machu Picchu underscores its importance as a symbol of Incan ingenuity and societal structure.
• Evaluate how Machu Picchu contributes to our understanding of Incan civilization's achievements in urban planning and agriculture.
  • Machu Picchu provides crucial insights into Incan achievements in urban planning and agriculture through its well-organized layout and innovative farming techniques. The terracing system not only maximized arable land but also showcased advanced irrigation methods that allowed crops to thrive in high-altitude environments. By examining the intricate design of Machu Picchu, we can better appreciate how the Incas harmonized their cities with their surroundings, reflecting a sophisticated understanding of sustainable development that remains relevant today.

Related terms

Inca Empire:

A large empire in South America that existed from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, known for its extensive road systems, agricultural innovations, and centralized governance.

Terracing:

A farming technique used by the Incas, involving the creation of flat platforms on steep terrain to maximize arable land and prevent soil erosion.

Quipu: An Incan device made of colored strings and knots used for record-keeping and communication, serving as an important tool for administration.