Xanthines

Definition

Xanthines are a class of bronchodilators used to treat symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They work by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways and reducing inflammation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Xanthines include drugs such as theophylline and aminophylline.
2. They can be administered orally or intravenously.
3. Therapeutic drug monitoring is essential due to their narrow therapeutic range.
4. Common side effects include nausea, insomnia, and increased heart rate.
5. They interact with multiple drugs, including antibiotics and anti-seizure medications.

Review Questions

• What are xanthines commonly used to treat?
• Name two common drugs that are classified as xanthines.
• Why is therapeutic drug monitoring important for patients taking xanthines?

Related terms

Leukotriene Modifiers:

Drugs that block leukotrienes to reduce inflammation and bronchoconstriction in asthma.

Mast Cell Stabilizers:

Medications that prevent mast cells from releasing histamine and other inflammatory chemicals.

Bronchodilators:

A broad category of drugs that relax bronchial muscles to open airways in respiratory conditions.