Potassium-sparing diuretics

Definition

Potassium-sparing diuretics are a class of diuretics that prevent potassium loss while promoting the excretion of sodium and water. They are often used in conjunction with other diuretics to treat conditions like hypertension and heart failure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Potassium-sparing diuretics include drugs like spironolactone, eplerenone, amiloride, and triamterene.
2. They work by inhibiting the sodium channels or aldosterone receptors in the distal tubules of the kidneys.
3. Unlike other diuretics, they do not cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels); instead, they can lead to hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).
4. These drugs are often used in combination with thiazide or loop diuretics to balance potassium levels.
5. Common side effects include hyperkalemia, dizziness, headache, and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Review Questions

• What is the primary advantage of using potassium-sparing diuretics over other types of diuretics?
• Name two common conditions that potassium-sparing diuretics are used to treat.
• Why might a doctor prescribe a combination of potassium-sparing and thiazide diuretics?

Related terms

Thiazide Diuretics:

A class of diuretics that increase urine output by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule.

Loop Diuretics:

Diuretics that act on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to inhibit sodium, chloride, and potassium reabsorption.

Aldosterone Antagonists:

Drugs that block aldosterone receptors in the kidneys, reducing sodium reabsorption and increasing water excretion.