Histamine Blockers

Definition

Histamine blockers, also known as H2 receptor antagonists, are medications that reduce the production of stomach acid by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach lining. They are commonly used to treat conditions like peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Histamine blockers work by inhibiting the action of histamine on H2 receptors in the stomach lining, thereby reducing acid secretion.
2. Common examples of histamine blockers include ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine, and nizatidine.
3. These drugs are typically used for short-term treatment of ulcers and GERD but may also be used for maintenance therapy in some cases.
4. Unlike proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine blockers do not completely stop acid production but significantly reduce it.
5. Side effects can include headache, dizziness, constipation or diarrhea, and in rare cases, confusion or hallucinations especially in elderly patients.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism by which histamine blockers reduce stomach acid production?
• Name two common medical conditions that are treated with histamine blockers.
• What are some potential side effects associated with the use of histamine blockers?

Related terms

Proton-Pump Inhibitors:

Medications that irreversibly block the enzyme responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Peptic Ulcer: A sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine due to excessive acid production.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):

A chronic condition where stomach contents flow back into the esophagus causing symptoms such as heartburn.