Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and symptoms like heartburn. This persistent reflux can lead to complications if left untreated.
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GERD is often caused by a weakened lower esophageal sphincter (LES) that fails to close properly.
Common symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.
Lifestyle changes such as diet modification and weight loss are first-line treatments for managing GERD.
Medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists are commonly prescribed to reduce stomach acid production.
Long-term complications of untreated GERD can include esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and an increased risk of esophageal cancer.
Review Questions
What is the primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease?
Name two common medications used to treat GERD.
What are potential long-term complications of untreated GERD?
Related terms
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES): A muscular ring at the junction between the esophagus and stomach that controls the flow of food and prevents acid reflux.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): A class of medications that reduce stomach acid production by blocking the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid.