Glucose

Definition

Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for the body's cells. It is crucial in maintaining normal cellular function and overall metabolism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Glucose levels are tightly regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon.
2. Normal blood glucose levels range between 70-100 mg/dL when fasting.
3. Hyperglycemia refers to high blood glucose levels, often associated with diabetes.
4. Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose levels, can cause symptoms like dizziness, confusion, and even unconsciousness if severe.
5. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) are used to diagnose conditions like diabetes mellitus.

Review Questions

• What hormones regulate blood glucose levels?
• What are the normal fasting blood glucose level ranges?
• Explain the symptoms and potential consequences of hypoglycemia.

Related terms

Insulin:

A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels.

Glucagon:

A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels.

Diabetes Mellitus:

A group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels due to defects in insulin production or action.