Gluconeogenesis

Definition

Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources such as lactate, glycerol, and amino acids. It primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or intense exercise.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gluconeogenesis is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels during periods of fasting.
2. The kidneys play a significant role in gluconeogenesis, especially during prolonged fasting.
3. Key enzymes involved include pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).
4. Gluconeogenesis predominantly occurs in the liver but also takes place in the renal cortex of the kidneys.
5. Hormones like glucagon and cortisol stimulate gluconeogenesis, while insulin inhibits it.

Review Questions

• What are the primary organs involved in gluconeogenesis?
• Which non-carbohydrate substrates are used in gluconeogenesis?
• How do hormones regulate the process of gluconeogenesis?

Related terms

Glycolysis: The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, producing ATP.

Glycogenolysis:

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate.

Insulin:

A hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by promoting its uptake into cells and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.