Gluconeogenesis

Definition

Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol. This process primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gluconeogenesis is crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels during fasting or starvation.
2. The kidneys contribute to around 10% of gluconeogenesis under normal conditions but can increase their contribution during prolonged fasting.
3. Key substrates for gluconeogenesis include lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.
4. Gluconeogenesis plays a significant role in patients with renal impairment, where altered metabolism may affect glucose production and utilization.
5. Hormones like glucagon and cortisol stimulate gluconeogenesis, while insulin inhibits it.

Review Questions

• What primary organs are involved in the process of gluconeogenesis?
• Which hormones regulate gluconeogenesis and how do they affect it?
• Why is gluconeogenesis particularly important for individuals with renal impairment?

Related terms

Glycogenolysis:

Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate and glucose to provide immediate energy.

Ketogenesis:

Ketogenesis is the metabolic pathway by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown.

Urea Cycle: The urea cycle converts ammonia into urea in the liver, which is then excreted by the kidneys.