Constipation

Definition

Constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty in passing stools. It can be a common side effect of opioid medications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Opioid agonists, such as morphine and codeine, commonly cause constipation due to their action on the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Opioids decrease gastrointestinal motility by binding to mu-opioid receptors in the gut, leading to slower bowel movements.
3. Patients on long-term opioid therapy should be monitored for signs of constipation and may require laxatives or stool softeners as preventive measures.
4. Non-pharmacological interventions like increased dietary fiber, hydration, and physical activity can help manage opioid-induced constipation.
5. Methylnaltrexone and naloxegol are examples of medications specifically designed to treat opioid-induced constipation without affecting pain relief.

Review Questions

• How do opioid agonists contribute to constipation?
• What are some non-pharmacological methods to manage opioid-induced constipation?
• Name two medications used specifically for treating opioid-induced constipation.

Related terms

Opioid Agonist: A drug that activates opioid receptors to produce pain relief and other effects.

Laxative: A substance that helps stimulate bowel movements to relieve constipation.

Methylnaltrexone: A medication used to treat opioid-induced constipation by blocking peripheral opioid receptors without affecting central analgesia.