Allergic reaction

Definition

An allergic reaction is an immune response to a substance (allergen) that the body mistakenly identifies as harmful. Symptoms can range from mild (rash, itching) to severe (anaphylaxis).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Common allergens include medications, foods, and insect stings.
2. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate treatment, often with epinephrine.
3. Patients with known allergies should wear medical alert bracelets and carry emergency medications.
4. Intravenous fluid therapy can sometimes cause allergic reactions if the patient is sensitive to components in the solution.
5. Nurses must always check for patient allergies before administering any medication or blood product.

Review Questions

• What are the common symptoms of an allergic reaction?
• How should a nurse respond to a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?
• Why is it important to check for allergies before starting intravenous fluid therapy?

Related terms

Anaphylaxis:

A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.

Epinephrine:

A medication used to treat severe allergic reactions by relaxing muscles in the airways and tightening blood vessels.

Antihistamines:

Medications that relieve or prevent allergy symptoms by blocking histamine receptors.