Epinephrine

Definition

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and medication that plays a critical role in the body's fight-or-flight response. It is used in medical emergencies to treat conditions like cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and severe asthma attacks.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Epinephrine acts on both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors to exert its effects.
2. It increases heart rate and force of contraction, making it crucial in cardiac emergencies.
3. Epinephrine causes bronchodilation, which is beneficial in treating severe asthma and allergic reactions.
4. It is administered via various routes including intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SubQ).
5. The drug's rapid onset of action makes it essential for treating anaphylactic shock.

Review Questions

• What are the primary adrenergic receptors that epinephrine acts upon?
• Why is epinephrine commonly used during cardiac arrest?
• How does epinephrine help in cases of severe asthma or anaphylaxis?

Related terms

Norepinephrine:

A hormone similar to epinephrine but primarily involved in vasoconstriction rather than bronchodilation.

Beta-adrenergic agonists: Drugs that primarily stimulate beta receptors causing effects such as increased heart rate and bronchodilation.

Anaphylaxis:

A severe allergic reaction characterized by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, and a drop in blood pressure, often treated with epinephrine.