Agranulocytosis

Definition

Agranulocytosis is a severe condition characterized by an extremely low number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell essential for fighting infections. It can result from certain medications, including some used to treat hyperacidity and ulcers.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Agranulocytosis can be induced by histamine blockers like cimetidine and proton-pump inhibitors such as omeprazole.
2. Symptoms include sudden fever, chills, sore throat, and mouth ulcers due to the body's reduced ability to fight infections.
3. Blood tests revealing a granulocyte count below 500 per microliter confirm the diagnosis of agranulocytosis.
4. Immediate discontinuation of the causative drug and initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics are critical steps in management.
5. Monitoring white blood cell counts during treatment with antiulcer drugs can help in early detection of agranulocytosis.

Review Questions

• What types of medications used for treating hyperacidity can cause agranulocytosis?
• What are common symptoms indicating the onset of agranulocytosis?
• How is agranulocytosis confirmed through laboratory testing?

Related terms

Granulocytes:

White blood cells that include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, crucial for combating infections.

Histamine Blockers:

Medications that reduce stomach acid by blocking histamine receptors on acid-producing cells.

Proton-Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Drugs that irreversibly inhibit the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme system, reducing gastric acid production.