Thutmose III

Definition

Thutmose III was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, reigning from approximately 1479 to 1425 BCE. He is often referred to as the 'Napoleon of Egypt' due to his military prowess and the expansion of Egypt's empire during his reign, marking a significant period in pharaonic rule and dynastic history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Thutmose III conducted at least 17 military campaigns, expanding Egypt's territory to its greatest extent, including parts of modern-day Syria and Palestine.
2. He established Egypt as a dominant power in the ancient Near East, asserting control over trade routes and resources.
3. Thutmose III is credited with developing a new military strategy that emphasized mobility and surprise, revolutionizing warfare in ancient Egypt.
4. He was also a patron of the arts, commissioning numerous building projects, including temples and monuments that showcased Egypt's power and culture.
5. After his death, Thutmose III was succeeded by his son Amenhotep II, but his legacy continued through subsequent rulers who sought to emulate his successes.

Review Questions

• What were some key military strategies employed by Thutmose III that contributed to his successes?
  • Thutmose III utilized innovative military strategies that focused on speed and surprise. He reorganized the Egyptian army into specialized units and emphasized rapid maneuvers to outflank enemies. His strategic planning was evident in campaigns such as the Battle of Megiddo, where he effectively combined various forces to secure victory, demonstrating his ability to adapt tactics to different battle scenarios.
• In what ways did Thutmose III's reign influence the political landscape of the ancient Near East?
  • Thutmose III's reign significantly altered the political dynamics of the ancient Near East by establishing Egypt as a leading empire. His extensive military campaigns resulted in the conquest of strategic territories and trade routes, enhancing Egypt's economic strength. The tribute system he instituted ensured ongoing wealth from conquered regions, while also fostering diplomatic relationships that further solidified Egypt’s status in the region.
• Evaluate the impact of Thutmose III's achievements on subsequent pharaohs and their governance strategies.
  • The achievements of Thutmose III set a precedent for future pharaohs regarding military expansion and state governance. Subsequent rulers often looked to emulate his successes in military conquests and administrative control over newly acquired territories. His emphasis on strong leadership and infrastructure development influenced later dynasties as they sought to maintain and build upon his legacy of power, ultimately shaping Egyptian governance for generations.

Related terms

Hatshepsut: The fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, Hatshepsut was Thutmose III's stepmother and co-regent, known for her prosperous reign and monumental building projects.

New Kingdom:

The period in ancient Egyptian history from the 16th to the 11th century BCE, characterized by a powerful empire, extensive trade networks, and monumental architecture.

Battle of Megiddo: A significant military engagement during Thutmose III's reign that marked a turning point in Egyptian military strategy and territorial expansion into the Levant.