Thutmose III

Definition

Thutmose III was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, reigning from approximately 1479 to 1425 BCE. Often referred to as the 'Napoleon of Egypt,' he is renowned for his military conquests and expansion of Egypt's empire, marking a golden age during Egypt's New Kingdom. His reign is characterized by a series of successful military campaigns that extended Egyptian influence into the Near East and Nubia.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Thutmose III conducted at least 17 military campaigns, significantly expanding Egypt’s territory and influence in the region.
2. He is credited with transforming Egypt into a dominant empire through strategic warfare and diplomacy, securing trade routes and access to valuable resources.
3. Thutmose III was also a patron of the arts and architecture, commissioning numerous temples and monuments, including the famous Temple of Amun at Karnak.
4. His reign saw advancements in military tactics, including the use of chariots and better organization of troops, contributing to his success on the battlefield.
5. After his death, Thutmose III was often remembered as one of Egypt's greatest pharaohs, and his legacy continued to influence subsequent rulers.

Review Questions

• How did Thutmose III's military strategies contribute to the expansion of Egypt during his reign?
  • Thutmose III employed innovative military strategies that combined effective troop organization with advanced chariot warfare. His ability to adapt to different combat scenarios allowed him to conquer various regions, including Canaan and Nubia. The successful campaigns not only expanded Egypt’s territory but also established it as a dominant power in the Near East.
• Discuss the impact of Thutmose III's relationship with Hatshepsut on his rule and legacy.
  • Hatshepsut served as co-regent before Thutmose III assumed full power, which allowed him to benefit from her established trade networks and diplomatic relations. Although she initially held significant authority, Thutmose III eventually restored traditional male pharaonic norms by asserting his dominance. This complex relationship influenced how he ruled and shaped his legacy as a powerful military leader who followed Hatshepsut's prosperous reign.
• Evaluate how Thutmose III's reign contributed to the overall historical narrative of Egypt’s New Kingdom.
  • Thutmose III's reign marked a pivotal point in Egypt's New Kingdom as it transformed the nation into a formidable empire through aggressive expansion and cultural achievements. His military conquests not only solidified Egypt’s political power but also facilitated economic prosperity via control over trade routes. Additionally, his architectural contributions and patronage of the arts fostered a cultural renaissance that defined this era, solidifying its legacy as one of ancient Egypt's most influential periods.

Related terms

Hatshepsut: The fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, Hatshepsut was Thutmose III's stepmother and co-regent, known for her prosperous reign and extensive building projects.

New Kingdom:

The period in ancient Egyptian history from the 16th to the 11th century BCE, during which Egypt reached the height of its power and territorial expansion.

Battle of Megiddo: A significant battle fought during Thutmose III's reign in which he defeated a coalition of Canaanite city-states, showcasing his military strategy and leadership.