Khafre

Definition

Khafre was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, best known for building the second largest pyramid at Giza and the Great Sphinx, which is believed to bear his likeness. His reign marked a significant era of pharaonic rule, characterized by monumental architecture and advances in art and culture during the Old Kingdom.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Khafre reigned during the Old Kingdom, specifically around 2558 to 2532 BCE, and was the son of Pharaoh Khufu.
2. His pyramid is part of the Giza pyramid complex and is slightly smaller than his father's, Khufu's pyramid but appears taller due to its higher base elevation.
3. The Great Sphinx, attributed to Khafre, is one of the largest and oldest statues in the world, symbolizing strength and wisdom.
4. Khafre is often depicted in art wearing the royal headdress and false beard, emphasizing his status as pharaoh and divine ruler.
5. His mortuary temple features intricate carvings and was designed to ensure his successful journey in the afterlife, showcasing the religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians.

Review Questions

• How did Khafre's architectural contributions reflect the values and beliefs of ancient Egyptian society?
  • Khafre's architectural achievements, particularly his pyramid and the Great Sphinx, reflect ancient Egyptian values centered around death, the afterlife, and divine kingship. These monumental structures were not only tombs but also symbols of his power and connection to the gods. The Sphinx's lion body signifies strength and protection, reinforcing the pharaoh's role as a divine ruler who ensures harmony and order in society.
• In what ways did Khafre's reign contribute to the cultural developments during the Old Kingdom?
  • Khafre's reign was pivotal in advancing cultural developments during the Old Kingdom by promoting monumental architecture, which became a hallmark of this era. The construction of his pyramid and mortuary temple inspired further architectural innovations and established a model for future pharaohs. Additionally, his era saw advancements in sculpture and art forms that reflected both religious beliefs and royal propaganda, solidifying the pharaoh's place in society.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of Khafre's rule on subsequent dynasties in ancient Egypt.
  • Khafre's rule had lasting impacts on subsequent dynasties in ancient Egypt by setting a precedent for monumental architecture and elaborate burial practices that continued for centuries. His emphasis on grand structures influenced later pharaohs to undertake similar projects, contributing to Egypt's identity as a civilization focused on monumentalism. Additionally, Khafre's portrayal in art established standards for how future rulers would depict themselves, further intertwining royal imagery with divine authority throughout Egyptian history.

Related terms

Old Kingdom:

The period in ancient Egyptian history from around 2686 to 2181 BCE, known for the construction of the pyramids and the development of a centralized state.

Pyramid of Giza: The collective term for three large pyramids built on the Giza Plateau, including those of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, which serve as tombs for pharaohs.

Great Sphinx: A massive limestone statue with a lion's body and a human head, located near the pyramids of Giza, believed to represent Pharaoh Khafre.