Khafre

Definition

Khafre was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, known for his significant contributions to the development of monumental architecture during the Old Kingdom. He is best recognized for commissioning the second-largest pyramid at Giza and the Great Sphinx, both of which symbolize the power and authority of the pharaohs in ancient Egypt. His reign is marked by advancements in art and architecture, reflecting the prosperity and religious beliefs of the time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Khafre ruled during the Fourth Dynasty around 2570 BCE and is often depicted in statues wearing the royal headdress.
2. His pyramid is smaller than Khufu's but appears taller due to its elevated foundation and casing stones at the top.
3. The Great Sphinx, which stands near his pyramid, is one of the largest and oldest monumental sculptures in the world, often associated with protection against evil.
4. Khafre's reign is noted for its artistic achievements, including detailed relief carvings and statues that reflect high-quality craftsmanship.
5. He was regarded as a god in life and after death, emphasizing the belief in divine kingship that was central to ancient Egyptian culture.

Review Questions

• Compare and contrast Khafre's pyramid with that of his predecessor Khufu's in terms of size, construction, and significance.
  • Khafre's pyramid is slightly smaller than Khufu's Great Pyramid but is built on higher ground, making it appear taller. While Khufu's pyramid showcases vast scale and engineering ingenuity, Khafre's pyramid reflects a continuation of these architectural advancements. Both pyramids served as royal tombs that embodied the pharaoh's divine status and were central to the religious practices surrounding death and the afterlife in ancient Egypt.
• Analyze the cultural significance of the Great Sphinx as it relates to Khafre's reign and its symbolism in ancient Egyptian society.
  • The Great Sphinx symbolizes royal power and protection in ancient Egypt, believed to guard the tombs from evildoers. Commissioned by Khafre during his reign, it represents not only his divine authority but also reflects broader societal beliefs regarding kingship and guardianship. The Sphinx embodies qualities attributed to pharaohs, such as strength and wisdom, reinforcing their role as intermediaries between the gods and people.
• Evaluate how Khafre's contributions to architecture during his reign influenced subsequent periods of ancient Egyptian history.
  • Khafre's architectural innovations during the Old Kingdom set a precedent for future generations in monumental building. His use of stone construction techniques influenced later pharaohs who sought to create grand structures that represented their power. Additionally, the emphasis on funerary architecture established cultural practices surrounding death that persisted throughout ancient Egyptian history, shaping how rulers were remembered and worshipped long after their reigns ended.

Related terms

Old Kingdom:

The period in ancient Egyptian history that lasted from around 2686 to 2181 BCE, characterized by the building of pyramids and a strong centralized government.

Pyramid of Giza: The collective name for three large pyramids in Giza, including Khufu's Great Pyramid, Khafre's Pyramid, and Menkaure's Pyramid, which are considered some of the most iconic structures of ancient Egypt.

Sphinx: A mythical creature with a lion's body and a human head, often seen as a guardian figure; the Great Sphinx of Giza is believed to bear Khafre's likeness.