B vitamins

Definition

B vitamins are a group of water-soluble vitamins that play critical roles in cell metabolism and energy production. They are essential for maintaining optimal health, particularly in supporting brain function and red blood cell formation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. B vitamins include B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), and B12 (cobalamin).
2. Vitamin B12 is crucial for neurological function and DNA synthesis, often requiring intrinsic factor for absorption in the gut.
3. Folate (B9) is vital during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
4. Deficiencies in various B vitamins can lead to conditions such as anemia, fatigue, confusion, and compromised immune function.
5. Dietary sources rich in B vitamins include whole grains, meat, eggs, dairy products, legumes, seeds, nuts, and leafy green vegetables.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of Vitamin B12 in the human body?
• Which B vitamin is especially important during pregnancy and why?
• List three dietary sources that are rich in multiple B vitamins.

Related terms

Micronutrients:

Nutrients required by the body in small amounts for proper functioning of physiological systems.

Intrinsic Factor:

A glycoprotein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B12.

Anemia:

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin leading to fatigue and weakness.