Anemia

Definition

Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport to tissues. It can result from various causes including nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, and genetic disorders.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type and can be influenced by dietary intake.
2. Vitamin B12 and folate are crucial for red blood cell production; their deficiencies can lead to megaloblastic anemia.
3. Chronic diseases such as kidney disease can impair erythropoietin production, contributing to anemia.
4. Anemia can affect neurological function, causing symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, and cognitive impairments.
5. Nutritional interventions for anemia include increasing the intake of iron-rich foods (e.g., red meat, leafy greens) and supplements when necessary.

Review Questions

• What are the primary nutritional causes of iron-deficiency anemia?
• How does vitamin B12 deficiency contribute to the development of megaloblastic anemia?
• Why might patients with chronic kidney disease be at higher risk for developing anemia?

Related terms

Iron-deficiency Anemia: A type of anemia caused by insufficient iron levels affecting hemoglobin production.

Megaloblastic Anemia:

Anemia resulting from deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate, leading to large, abnormal red blood cells.

Erythropoietin:

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.