Uterus

Definition

The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ in the female pelvis where a fertilized egg implants and grows during pregnancy. It also plays a role in menstruation through the shedding of its lining.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The uterus is typically sterile, but certain infections can invade it causing conditions like endometritis.
2. It consists of three layers: the perimetrium (outer layer), myometrium (muscular middle layer), and endometrium (inner lining).
3. The normal microbiota of the lower genital tract includes Lactobacillus species, which help maintain an acidic environment to prevent infections.
4. Disruptions in the normal microbiota can lead to bacterial vaginosis, which increases the risk of uterine infections.
5. The cervix acts as a barrier between the vagina and uterus, playing a crucial role in protecting the uterus from pathogens.

Review Questions

• What are the three layers of the uterus?
• How does Lactobacillus contribute to preventing uterine infections?
• What condition can result from disruptions in normal microbiota leading to increased risk of uterine infections?

Related terms

Cervix:

The lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, acting as a barrier to protect against infection.

Endometrium: The inner lining of the uterus that thickens during each menstrual cycle and sheds if pregnancy does not occur.

Lactobacillus:

A genus of bacteria that is part of the normal microbiota in the female genital tract, helping to maintain an acidic environment.