Urinalysis

Definition

Urinalysis is a diagnostic test that examines the content of urine to detect and manage various disorders, including infections of the urinary system. It involves physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Urinalysis can detect bacterial infections by identifying the presence of nitrites, which are produced by certain bacteria.
2. A positive leukocyte esterase test in urinalysis suggests a urinary tract infection (UTI) due to white blood cells in the urine.
3. Microscopic examination can reveal bacteria, red blood cells, and white blood cells, helping diagnose infections and other conditions.
4. The presence of high levels of protein or glucose in urinalysis may indicate kidney damage or diabetes, respectively.
5. Urine culture is often performed following urinalysis to identify the specific type of bacteria causing an infection.

Review Questions

• What does the presence of nitrites in a urinalysis indicate?
• Why is leukocyte esterase tested during urinalysis?
• How can microscopic examination in urinalysis aid in diagnosing urinary system infections?

Related terms

Leukocyte Esterase Test: A chemical test used during urinalysis to detect white blood cells.

Urine Culture:

A laboratory test that grows bacteria from a urine sample to identify infection-causing organisms.

Nitrites Test: A component of urinalysis that detects nitrites produced by certain bacteria.