Sensitization

Definition

Sensitization is the process by which the immune system becomes overly reactive to a substance (allergen) upon repeated exposure. It often leads to an exaggerated response during subsequent exposures.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sensitization typically involves the production of IgE antibodies specific to the allergen.
2. Once sensitized, mast cells and basophils release histamine and other mediators upon re-exposure to the allergen.
3. Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, food proteins, and insect venom.
4. Sensitization can lead to immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylaxis or allergic rhinitis.
5. The process often requires multiple exposures to the allergen before sensitization occurs.

Review Questions

• What type of antibodies are produced during sensitization?
• Which cells are responsible for releasing histamine in a sensitized individual?
• What can repeated exposure to an allergen lead to in terms of immune response?

Related terms

Hypersensitivity:

An exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to an antigen.

Allergen: A substance that can cause an allergic reaction.

IgE:

Immunoglobulin E, a class of antibodies involved in allergic reactions.