Retrovirus

Definition

A retrovirus is an RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell, thereby changing the cell's genetic makeup. This process is facilitated by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Retroviruses use reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genome into DNA.
2. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is one of the most well-known retroviruses.
3. Once integrated into the host genome, the viral DNA is transcribed and translated by the host cell's machinery.
4. Retroviruses can remain latent in a host's genome for extended periods before becoming active.
5. Antiretroviral drugs target various stages of the retrovirus life cycle, including reverse transcription and integration.

Review Questions

• What enzyme do retroviruses use to convert their RNA genome into DNA?
• How does a retrovirus integrate its genetic material into a host cell?
• Name one well-known disease caused by a retrovirus.

Related terms

Reverse Transcriptase:

An enzyme used by retroviruses to transcribe RNA into DNA.

Provirus:

The viral DNA that is integrated into the host genome.

Antiretroviral Drugs: Medications used to treat infections caused by retroviruses, such as HIV.