Quorum sensing

Definition

Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism used by bacteria to coordinate group behaviors based on population density. It involves the production, release, and detection of chemical signal molecules called autoinducers.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Quorum sensing regulates gene expression in response to fluctuations in cell-population density.
2. Autoinducers are the signaling molecules used in quorum sensing.
3. The process can control various bacterial activities such as biofilm formation, virulence factor production, and bioluminescence.
4. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria utilize quorum sensing but often use different types of autoinducers.
5. Quorum sensing can be disrupted by quorum quenching, which involves degrading or inhibiting the signal molecules.

Review Questions

• What role do autoinducers play in quorum sensing?
• How does quorum sensing influence bacterial behavior?
• What is one method by which quorum sensing can be disrupted?

Related terms

Autoinducer: Small signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing.

Biofilm:

A structured community of microbial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix attached to an inert or living surface.

Virulence Factor: Molecules produced by pathogens that contribute to the pathogenicity and facilitate infection and colonization of the host.