Psychrophiles

Definition

Psychrophiles are microorganisms that thrive in extremely cold environments, typically at temperatures of 0°C to 15°C. They play a crucial role in nutrient cycling in polar regions and deep ocean waters.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Psychrophiles can grow and reproduce at temperatures as low as -20°C.
2. They produce specialized enzymes that remain functional at low temperatures.
3. Common habitats for psychrophiles include glaciers, deep ocean waters, and polar ice caps.
4. Psychrophiles contribute to the spoilage of refrigerated foods due to their ability to grow at low temperatures.
5. They have unique cell membrane compositions rich in unsaturated fatty acids to maintain fluidity in cold conditions.

Review Questions

• What temperature range is optimal for the growth of psychrophiles?
• How do psychrophiles adapt their enzymes for activity at low temperatures?
• Why are psychrophiles significant in the spoilage of refrigerated foods?

Related terms

Thermophiles:

Microorganisms that thrive at high temperatures, typically between 45°C and 80°C.

Mesophiles:

Microorganisms that grow best at moderate temperatures, usually between 20°C and 45°C.

Halophiles:

Microorganisms that require high salt concentrations for growth, often found in saline environments like salt flats.