Prostaglandins

Definition

Prostaglandins are lipid compounds derived from fatty acids that have diverse hormone-like effects in the body. They play a key role in inflammation, immune responses, and the regulation of various physiological functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. They are synthesized at sites of tissue damage or infection to mediate inflammation.
2. Prostaglandins can induce fever and pain as part of the body's defense mechanism.
3. They influence smooth muscle contraction, including in blood vessels and the digestive system.
4. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin inhibit prostaglandin synthesis to reduce pain and inflammation.
5. Prostaglandins are involved in hypersensitivity reactions by promoting vasodilation and increasing vascular permeability.

Review Questions

• What role do prostaglandins play in the inflammatory response?
• How do NSAIDs affect prostaglandin activity?
• In what ways do prostaglandins contribute to hypersensitivity reactions?

Related terms

Cytokines:

Small proteins important in cell signaling, especially within the immune system.

Histamine:

An organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses and regulating physiological function in the gut.

Leukotrienes:

Lipid mediators that play a critical role in inflammation and allergic reactions.