Phenolics

Definition

Phenolics are a class of chemical compounds commonly used as disinfectants due to their ability to denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes. They are effective against a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phenolics are derived from phenol and have been modified to reduce toxicity while maintaining antimicrobial efficacy.
2. Common examples include triclosan and hexachlorophene, which are used in various healthcare and household products.
3. They work by disrupting the cell wall and precipitating cellular proteins, leading to cell lysis and death.
4. Phenolics are particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria but less so against Gram-negative bacteria and spores.
5. They remain active on surfaces for extended periods, providing long-lasting microbial control.

Review Questions

• How do phenolics disrupt microbial cells?
• Why are phenolics more effective against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria?
• Name two common phenolic compounds used in healthcare or household products.

Related terms

Disinfectants:

Chemical agents used to eliminate or reduce harmful microorganisms from surfaces.

Triclosan: An antibacterial and antifungal agent found in some consumer products, including soaps and toothpaste.

Hexachlorophene:

A bisphenol compound used as a disinfectant with bacteriostatic properties mainly against Gram-positive organisms.