Peroxisomes

Definition

Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes involved in various metabolic processes. They play a crucial role in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide and the breakdown of fatty acids.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Peroxisomes contain catalase, an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
2. They are involved in the beta-oxidation pathway to break down very long-chain fatty acids.
3. Peroxisomes contribute to lipid metabolism, including the synthesis of plasmalogens important for cell membranes.
4. They assist in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting cells from oxidative damage.
5. Peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, result from defects in peroxisome biogenesis or function.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of catalase found in peroxisomes?
• How do peroxisomes contribute to fatty acid metabolism?
• What role do peroxisomes play in protecting cells from oxidative damage?

Related terms

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

A network of membranous tubules within eukaryotic cells involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Lysosome: A membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes used for breaking down cellular waste and debris.

Mitochondrion: An organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.