Nephrotoxicity

Definition

Nephrotoxicity is the occurrence of kidney damage due to exposure to toxic substances, particularly certain drugs and chemicals. It can lead to impaired renal function, which affects the body's ability to filter and eliminate waste.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Many antimicrobial drugs, such as aminoglycosides and vancomycin, are known for their potential nephrotoxic effects.
2. Nephrotoxicity can manifest as acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD), depending on the duration and extent of exposure.
3. Monitoring renal function through blood tests (e.g., serum creatinine levels) is crucial when administering potentially nephrotoxic drugs.
4. Hydration status and dosage adjustments are important factors in preventing nephrotoxicity in patients receiving antimicrobial therapy.
5. Symptoms of nephrotoxicity may include decreased urine output, swelling due to fluid retention, fatigue, and elevated blood pressure.

Review Questions

• Which classes of antimicrobial drugs are commonly associated with nephrotoxicity?
• What are some clinical signs that may indicate a patient is experiencing nephrotoxicity?
• How can healthcare providers mitigate the risk of nephrotoxicity when prescribing potentially harmful drugs?

Related terms

Aminoglycosides:

A class of antibiotics known for their effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria but also for their potential nephrotoxic effects.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): A sudden episode of kidney failure or damage that happens within a few hours or days.

Vancomycin:

An antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections that is also known for its risk of causing nephrotoxic effects.