Aminoglycosides

Definition

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. They are particularly effective against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Aminoglycosides are bactericidal and primarily used to treat severe infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
2. Common aminoglycosides include gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.
3. They can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity as major side effects, which limits their usage in some patients.
4. Aminoglycosides are often administered via intravenous or intramuscular routes due to poor oral absorption.
5. Mechanisms of resistance against aminoglycosides include enzymatic modification, mutation of the ribosomal binding site, and decreased permeability of the bacterial cell wall.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for aminoglycosides?
• Name two common side effects associated with aminoglycoside use.
• How do bacteria typically develop resistance to aminoglycosides?

Related terms

β-lactam antibiotics: A class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that includes penicillin and cephalosporins.

Nephrotoxicity: Kidney damage caused by exposure to toxic substances or drugs like aminoglycosides.

Ribosome:

The cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis in all living cells.