Mycobacterium

Definition

Mycobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria known for its slow growth and complex cell wall structure, which includes mycolic acids. These bacteria are primarily pathogenic and include notable species like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mycobacterium species have a high lipid content in their cell walls, making them resistant to many common antibiotics.
2. They are acid-fast bacteria, meaning they retain certain stains even after being washed with acidic solutions.
3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a major global health issue.
4. Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease.
5. The genus includes both slow-growing and fast-growing species, with some taking weeks to culture in a laboratory.

Review Questions

• What makes Mycobacterium species resistant to many common antibiotics?
• Name two diseases caused by Mycobacterium species.
• Why are Mycobacterium species referred to as acid-fast bacteria?

Related terms

Acid-Fast Stain:

A staining technique used to identify acid-fast organisms like Mycobacterium.

Gram-Positive Bacteria: Bacteria that have thick peptidoglycan cell walls and retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure.

Mycolic Acids:

Long-chain fatty acids found in the cell walls of mycobacterial species, contributing to their unique properties.