Lysosomes

Definition

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris. They play a critical role in intracellular digestion and recycling processes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that function optimally at acidic pH levels.
2. They are formed from the Golgi apparatus.
3. Lysosomes digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
4. The malfunction of lysosomal enzymes can lead to storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease.
5. Autophagy is a process where lysosomes recycle the cell's own organic material.

Review Questions

• What type of enzymes do lysosomes contain and what is their optimal pH?
• How are lysosomes formed within a eukaryotic cell?
• What is autophagy and how do lysosomes contribute to this process?

Related terms

Golgi Apparatus:

A cell organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion.

Endocytosis:

The process by which cells internalize molecules by engulfing them in an energy-using process.

Autophagosome: A double-membrane vesicle that captures cellular debris for degradation by lysosomes during autophagy.