Golgi apparatus

Definition

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It consists of a series of flattened membrane-bound sacs called cisternae.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Golgi apparatus is essential for the post-translational modification of proteins.
2. It has a distinct polarity with a cis face (receiving side) and a trans face (shipping side).
3. Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of complex polysaccharides used in the cell wall and extracellular matrix.
4. Vesicles transport materials between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
5. Dysfunction in the Golgi apparatus can lead to diseases like Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of the Golgi apparatus?
• Describe the structural polarity of the Golgi apparatus and its significance.
• How does dysfunction in the Golgi apparatus impact cellular processes?

Related terms

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

An organelle composed of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Vesicle: Small membrane-bound sacs that transport substances within or between cells.

Lysosome: An organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and disassemble damaged cellular components.