Graves disease

Definition

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism. It leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones, affecting metabolism and overall health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
2. It is characterized by symptoms such as weight loss, increased heart rate, anxiety, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos).
3. The immune system produces antibodies called Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulins (TSIs) that mimic TSH and stimulate excessive thyroid hormone production.
4. Risk factors include genetics, gender (more common in women), stress, and smoking.
5. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests for elevated thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and low Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), along with imaging tests like radioactive iodine uptake.

Review Questions

• What are the primary symptoms of Graves' disease?
• How do Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulins (TSIs) contribute to Graves' disease?
• Which demographic is more commonly affected by Graves' disease?

Related terms

Hyperthyroidism: A condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to an accelerated metabolism.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.

Exophthalmos: A condition often associated with Graves' disease where there is abnormal protrusion of the eyes.