Genome

Definition

A genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism, including all of its genes and non-coding sequences. It contains the instructions needed for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of that organism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The human genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs.
2. Genomes can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but their organization differs significantly.
3. In eukaryotes, the genome is contained within the nucleus and organized into chromosomes.
4. The study of genomes is known as genomics, which includes sequencing, mapping, and analyzing genomes.
5. Mutations in the genome can lead to various genetic disorders or contribute to evolutionary changes.

Review Questions

• What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes?
• How many base pairs does the human genome contain?
• What are some potential consequences of mutations within a genome?

Related terms

Gene:

A segment of DNA that contains coding information for a protein or RNA molecule.

Chromosome:

A structure within cells that contains tightly packed DNA; humans have 23 pairs.

Genomics:

The study of genomes, including their sequencing, mapping, and analysis.