Extracellular matrix

Definition

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins and carbohydrates surrounding eukaryotic cells. It provides structural support, mediates cell signaling, and influences cellular behavior.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The ECM is primarily composed of collagen, elastin, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans.
2. It plays a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration by providing a scaffold for new cell growth.
3. The ECM influences cell differentiation and migration through biochemical cues.
4. Degradation of the ECM is mediated by enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
5. Alterations in the ECM can lead to diseases such as fibrosis, cancer metastasis, and osteoarthritis.

Review Questions

• What are the primary components of the extracellular matrix?
• How does the extracellular matrix influence cell behavior?
• What role do matrix metalloproteinases play in the context of the ECM?

Related terms

Collagen:

A primary structural protein in the extracellular matrix providing tensile strength.

Proteoglycans: Complexes of proteins and polysaccharides that contribute to the ECM's hydration and resilience.

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs): Enzymes that break down proteins in the extracellular matrix during tissue remodeling.